1. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) / Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)

Function: Used as a surfactant to create lather and remove dirt and oil from the skin.

Red Flag: Can strip the skin of natural oils, leading to dryness, irritation, and potential allergic reactions. SLES may also be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, a known carcinogen.

2. Parabens (e.g., methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben):

• Red Flag: Mimic estrogen in the body and can disrupt hormonal balance, potentially leading to reproductive issues, breast cancer, and other health concerns.
• Function: Preservatives used to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria and mold.

3. Phthalates (e.g., DEP, DBP, DEHP):

• Function: Used as plasticizers to increase flexibility and durability in plastics and as solvents in fragrances.
• Red Flag: Endocrine disruptors that can interfere with hormone function, leading to reproductive and developmental issues, including infertility and birth defect

4. Triclosan:

• Function: Antimicrobial agent used to kill bacteria and fungi.
• Red Flag: Linked to antibiotic resistance and disruption of the endocrine system. Can also contribute to environmental pollution when washed down the drain.

5. Petroleum-derived Ingredients (e.g., Mineral Oil, Petrolatum):

• Function: Emollients used to moisturize and soften the skin.
• Red Flag: Can create a barrier on the skin that may clog pores and prevent the skin from breathing. May also be contaminated with impurities, posing health risks.

6. Synthetic Dyes and Colorants:

• Function: Add color to products for aesthetic purposes.
• Red Flag: Often derived from coal tar or petroleum and may cause skin irritation and allergic reactions. Some synthetic dyes are also linked to cancer in animal studies.

• 7. Silicones:

  • Function: Silicones are synthetic polymers that are used in skincare products for their smoothing and emollient properties. They create a temporary barrier on the skin’s surface, giving a smooth, silky feel and helping to lock in moisture.
  • Red Flag: While silicones can provide immediate cosmetic benefits by making the skin feel smoother and look more radiant, they can also trap debris, sweat, and bacteria under the skin’s surface, potentially leading to clogged pores and breakouts, especially for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Additionally, some silicones may not be biodegradable and can accumulate in the environment, contributing to pollution.

• 8. Aluminum:

  • Function: Aluminum compounds, such as aluminum chlorohydrate and aluminum zirconium, are commonly used in antiperspirants to block sweat glands and reduce perspiration.
  • Red Flag: There is ongoing debate and research regarding the safety of aluminum in skincare products, particularly antiperspirants. Some studies suggest a possible link between aluminum exposure and health concerns such as breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. While the evidence is inconclusive, individuals concerned about aluminum exposure may choose to avoid products containing aluminum-based ingredients.

• 9. Phenoxyethanol:

  • Function: Phenoxyethanol is a preservative commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, extending the product’s shelf life.
  • Red Flag: While phenoxyethanol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and skincare products in low concentrations (typically below 1%), some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially those with sensitive skin. In rare cases, prolonged or excessive exposure to phenoxyethanol may cause more severe reactions. Additionally, there have been concerns raised about the potential for phenoxyethanol to impact the central nervous system, although the evidence supporting this is limited and inconclusive.
  • Safety Considerations: Regulatory agencies such as the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) have evaluated phenoxyethanol and determined it to be safe for use in cosmetics and skincare products within specified limits. However, some consumers may choose to avoid products containing phenoxyethanol due to personal preferences or concerns about potential side effects.